Gingivitis

Gingivitis is an inflammation or infection of the gums.
 

Causes:

The major cause of gingivitis is the lack of removal of dental plaque. Plaque which is composed of bacteria, viruses and microscopic parasites aggress the gums, causing inflammation.

Other factors that may set off gingivitis:

• A hormonal change (i.e. during pregnancy);
• Drugs such as antiepileptic and immunosuppressive;
• Diabetes, leukemia or AIDS;
• Incorrect dental crown shape;
• Incorrect filling shape;
• Misaligned teeth (harder to brush thoroughly).

Symptoms:

 

• Red and swollen gums;
• Bleeding while brushing;
• Plaque or tartar can often be seen around teeth.

Complications:

If not treated, gingivitis can become periodontitis (inflammatory disease affecting tissues that surround and support the teeth) hence becoming much more difficult to heal.
 

Treatments:

 

• Daily dental hygiene, that includes brushing and flossing after every meal;
• Usage of a mouth wash with an antibacterial solution (i.e. saline water or chlorhexidine);
• If the gingivitis is hypertrophic (enlarged gums) surgery might be prescribed (gingivectomy);
• • If there are pockets in the gums, curettage must be performed.

Prevention:

 

• Daily dental hygiene, that includes brushing and flossing after every meal;
• Regular dental exams, every 6 months;
• Regular dental scaling and cleaning, every 6 months.